Incidental gastric schwannoma identified during open Roux-en-Y gastric bypass / Schwannoma gástrico incidental identificado durante bypass gástrico em Y de Roux

RESUMEN Durante un procedimiento quirúrgico, ante una masa gástrica, el cirujano debe tomar la decisión de resecarla o posponer la cirugía (menor morbilidad), así como discutir con el equipo médico el mejor tratamiento. Los tumores mesenquimales gástricos que se encuentran durante la cirugía bariátrica son raros, especialmente el schwannoma gástrico (GS). Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 57 años, hipertensa y diabética en tratamiento, con un índice de masa corporal (IMC) de 36 kg/m², refiriendo dificultad para adelgazar con dieta y actividad física. La paciente fue sometida a un bypass gástrico Y de Roux con resección en cuña de un nódulo ubicado en la pared anterior de la escotadura angular. El análisis inmunohistoquímico fue fuertemente positivo para la proteína S100, mientras que c-kit (CD117), CD45, actina de músculo liso (SMA) y AE1/AE3 fueron negativos. El GS debe considerarse como un diagnóstico diferencial de los tumores gástricos. Presentamos una opción de tratamiento que le permite tratar a pacientes obesos con nódulos gástricos en cualquier lugar en el mismo procedimiento que la cirugía bariátrica.

Brachial plexus neuropathy by hibernoma compression: An unusual presentation of peripheral non-neural sheath nerve tumor and a systematic review of literature.

Brachial plexus neuropathies are uncommon and are rarely caused by a tumor. The clinical presentation of a brachial plexus neuropathy caused by a tumor depends on the degree of malignancy of the tumor and its localization. We report an illustrative case of a 27-year old female subject with a progressively increasing mass lesion causing brachial plexus compression, ipsilateral shoulder pain, C8 dermatomal paresthesia, and impairment of motor power. The patient underwent surgical resection of the mass and neurolysis of the nerves in the vicinity. Following the surgical procedure, the patient had improvement in the pain and paresthesia that he was suffering from. The histopathological diagnosis revealed a hibernoma, an extremely rare tumor described only once previously in this location. A systematic review of the literature was performed utilizing the PubMed database to access articles published before March 2018, using: A - the term 'hibernoma' in the title/abstract associated with the following MeSH terms: brachial plexus neuropathies OR brachial plexus neuropathy OR nerve compression syndrome, OR brachial plexus; B - the MeSH term 'brachial plexus' associated with the term 'non neural sheath nerve tumor' or 'peripheral non-neural sheath nerve tumor'. The origin of the hibernoma, as well as its metabolic influence, pathology, and treatment have been discussed.

Histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analysis of infectious agents, T-cell subpopulations and inflammatory adhesion molecules in placentas from HIV-seropositive pregnant women.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare histomorphometric changes and the results of immunohistochemical tests for VCAM, ICAM-1, CD4 and CD8 in normal placentas from HIV-seropositive pregnant women. METHODS: Samples of normal placentas were divided into 2 groups: healthy HIV-seronegative pregnant women (control group = C = 60) and HIV-seropositive women (experimental group = E = 57). Conventional histological sections were submitted to morphometric analysis and evaluated in terms of the immunohistochemical expression of ICAM-1, VCAM, CD4 and CD8. RESULTS: The villi in group E were smaller than those in group C. The median for the CD8+ T cell count was higher in group E than in group C (p = 0.03). Immunohistochemical expression of ICAM-1 was observed in 57% of the cases in group E, compared with 21% of those in group C (p = 0.001). There was no difference in VCAM expression or CD4+ cell counts between groups and no correlation between the data for antiretroviral therapy and morphometric or immunohistochemical data. CONCLUSIONS: The morphometric data showed that placentas of HIV-seropositive pregnant women tend to have smaller villi than those of seronegative women. In addition, immunohistochemical testing for infectious agents helped to identify cases that were positive for microorganisms (6/112) that routine pathological examination had failed to detect. The anti-p24 antibody had a limited ability to detect HIV viral protein in this study (2/57). Correlation of immunohistochemical expression of CD8+ T cells and ICAM-1 with the presence of HIV in the placenta revealed that those expressions can act as biomarkers of inflammatory changes. There was no correlation between the data for antiretroviral therapy and morphometric or immunohistochemical data.